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Panama remembers 33 years of the U.S. invasion: “Causa Justa”, a dark chapter in its history

Photo: EFE

December 20 |

Today marks the 33rd anniversary of the U.S. invasion of Panama, known as “Just Cause”, a military operation that left a deep mark on the history of the Central American country. On December 20, 1989, 25,000 U.S. troops, along with troops stationed near the Panama Canal, carried out this intervention with the objective of capturing then President Manuel Antonio Noriega.

Noriega, once an ally of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), became an enemy of Washington by challenging U.S. interests, especially by announcing the departure of the School of the Americas, known for its controversial record.

The official justification for the invasion included the protection of U.S. citizens in Panama, the restoration of the democratic system, the security of the Panama Canal and the capture of Noriega to face U.S. justice. However, documents later revealed additional motives, such as abrogating Canal-related treaties and guaranteeing control beyond the year 2000, as well as canceling contracts with Japan for alternatives to the Canal and slowing Panama’s rise on the world stage.

The invasion had devastating consequences. The Catholic Church recorded 655 deaths, according to data that included both military and civilians, while Panama’s Institute of Legal Medicine reported 255 deaths and 93 disappearances. Panamanian human rights organizations and collectives have estimated even higher figures, reaching around 4,000 victims.

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In addition to human losses, the country’s infrastructure suffered significant damage, leaving thousands homeless. Despite promises of compensation, many of those affected did not receive sufficient aid.

In the years that followed, Panama experienced a boom in the financial sector, but poverty rates did not show significant improvements. The current situation reflects the coexistence of skyscrapers and substandard housing in the cities.

Despite the time that has passed, the victims and their families continue to demand justice on each anniversary of the invasion. This dark chapter in Panama’s history continues to resonate in the country’s collective memory, reminding us of the need to address the consequences of those events and ensure that justice is done.

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Central America

First woman elected president in the Americas, Violeta Chamorro, dead at 95

Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, former president of Nicaragua and the first woman in the Americas to be democratically elected head of state, passed away this Saturday in Costa Rica at the age of 95. A pivotal figure in Nicaragua’s transition to democracy, Chamorro achieved a historic victory over Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega in the 1990 elections, heading a broad opposition coalition.

The Chamorro Barrios family confirmed her death in a statement:
“Our mother, Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, former president of Nicaragua, passed away today, June 14, 2025, at 2:21 a.m. (08:21 GMT) in San José, Costa Rica, at the age of 95, after a long illness.”

“Doña Violeta died peacefully, surrounded by the love and affection of her children and the extraordinary care of those who looked after her. She is now in the peace of the Lord,” her children Pedro Joaquín, Claudia Lucía, Cristiana, and Carlos Fernando Chamorro Barrios wrote.

Chamorro’s victory in 1990 marked a significant turning point in Central American politics, ending more than a decade of Sandinista rule and initiating a fragile but hopeful democratic chapter in Nicaragua’s history.

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Central America

Nicaraguan exile coalition urges Costa Rica to receive U.S. deportees fleeing Ortega regime

The Coalition of Nicaraguans in Exile urged Costa Rican President Rodrigo Chaves on Sunday to receive opponents and critics of the Ortega-Murillo regime currently residing in the United States who may be deported by the administration of Donald Trump.

“We appeal to you, Mr. President, to kindly consider, as an act of humanity and in accordance with the principles of international refugee law, the reopening of entry and temporary reception pathways for Nicaraguan citizens deported from the United States,” the coalition stated in a letter addressed to Chaves.

They specifically requested the reopening of entry for those Nicaraguans who had previously sought asylum or refugee status in Costa Rica and who express a well-founded fear for their lives and personal safety if returned to Nicaragua.

The organization, which identifies itself as committed to defending and promoting the human rights of Nicaraguans “forced into exile by the repression of the Sandinista dictatorship,” expressed its appeal with “urgency and deep concern.”

In the letter, the coalition emphasized the dramatic situation faced by thousands of Nicaraguans who fled political persecution under Daniel Ortega’s regime and are now at risk of deportation from the United States.

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Central America

Panama begins reverse migration by sea for 109 stranded migrants

Panamanian authorities have transported a group of 109 migrants of various nationalities by sea to La Miel, a Caribbean town on the country’s border with Colombia, to continue their return journey to South America. The move comes after the migrants failed to settle in the United States, following stricter immigration policies implemented under the administration of former President Donald Trump.

The National Migration Service (SNM) of Panama announced in a statement on Tuesday that the transfer was carried out from the Caribbean port of Colón using a vessel from Panama’s National Aeronaval Service (Senan). The operation was part of the country’s so-called “reverse flow” initiative, aimed at facilitating the safe return of migrants.

The official report noted that the group included migrants from nine different nationalities, with 75 adults and 34 minors on board. Authorities emphasized the “inter-institutional commitment to safe and humanitarian reverse migration.”

A source familiar with the process, speaking anonymously to EFE, confirmed that the vessel departed on Monday. Many of the migrants had opted into the reverse flow program after arriving at the Temporary Attention Center for Migrants (CATEM) in Costa Rica, where coordination was made with Panamanian authorities for their return.

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