International
‘You lose hope’: Cuban exodus to US largest in island’s history
| By AFP | Gerard Martinez with Rigoberto Diaz in Havana |
Exhausted by “surviving instead of living” in Cuba, David Gonzalez set his sights on a new life in the United States.
In early 2022, he joined thousands of Cubans whose migration has amounted to the largest exodus in the Caribbean nation’s history.
Gonzalez, a 34-year-old barber, said he could no longer bear the hardships of a country going through its worst economic crisis since the 1990s, or the communist regime he had never embraced.
In Cuba, “you lose hope,” he told AFP from Miami, Florida, which he reached after a weeks-long odyssey across multiple countries.
That hopelessness, shared by many young people in Cuba, has pushed emigration to the United States to the highest levels on record.
In the year from December 2021 to 2022, border authorities recorded more than 227,000 instances of Cubans illegally entering US territory.
That figure exceeds those of two previous mass departures: the Mariel boatlift, when 125,000 Cubans left for the United States in 1980, and the 1994 departure of 34,000 people to US shores within a month, said Jorge Duany, a Cuba expert at Florida International University.
‘My biggest fear’
Gonzalez’s journey started with a flight to Nicaragua.
The government of the Central American country, an ally of the Havana regime, removed visa requirements for Cubans in November 2021, making Managua the first stop on the road to the United States for most migrants from the island.
The journey cost Gonzalez some $7,000: $3,500 for the airfare and another $3,500 for smugglers to take him overland from Nicaragua to the United States — a huge sum for the average Cuban salary of 3,768 pesos a month, about $157.
Gonzalez scrounged half the money by selling his motorcycle and other belongings. A friend sent him the rest from Miami.
From his 30-day trip through Central America and Mexico, he remembers above all the long rides with dozens of people crammed on a bus or in the back of a truck.
But it wasn’t the prospect of thirst, lack of air, unbearable heat during the day and biting cold at night that scared him the most on the journey.
“My biggest fear was that I would be deported to Cuba,” he said.
Danger at sea
Others choose a different route to the United States no less rife with danger, risking their lives to travel the 90 miles (145 kilometers) of water that separates Cuba and Florida often in makeshift vessels.
On Christmas Day, 15 people were picked up in the Florida Keys, where dozens of Cubans arrive every week.
Mariana de la Caridad Fernandez made the journey in November.
The 20-year-old and her sister Yaneris, 31, had been sentenced in Cuba to four years of house arrest and seven years in prison respectively for participating in demonstrations that shook the country in July 2021.
Having been on the run in Cuba for a month, they decided to make for Miami, where their mother lives.
The sea was calm during the 16-hour crossing with their dog, Toby, and 40 others packed into the boat.
“We panicked a bit when we arrived in the early hours of the morning and had to get off the boat and swim to get to land,” Fernandez said.
A border patrol immediately detained the sisters, but released them on parole, giving them temporary leave to stay in the country.
Aiming to apply for political asylum, they hope to legalize their status under the Cuban Adjustment Act, which allows Cubans to apply for residency a year and a day from when they entered the United States.
‘See a future’
Others haven’t been so lucky.
Many who are picked up in boats by the US Coast Guard are quickly sent back to Cuba, unless they prove their lives are in danger.
Since October 1, the Coast Guard has detained over 3,700 Cubans, more than half the number taken into custody between October 2021 and the same month in 2022.
Then there are the untold numbers of Cubans who die at sea.
In April, a boat carrying 14 men capsized three days after departing Cuba. Only five managed to swim back to the island.
The nephew of Miriela, a Cuban woman who preferred not to give her last name, was one of those who disappeared in the wreck.
“It pains us not knowing what happened to him,” she said.
For Gonzalez, the risks he took to reach Miami were worth it.
Now also on parole, he hopes to avoid deportation until he can try for residency via the Cuban Adjustment Act.
“In eight months I already have what I didn’t have in Cuba,” he said.
“It’s not just the material comforts, but that you can see a future.”
International
Heavy rains leave dozens dead in Hidalgo, Puebla, and Veracruz
The death toll from heavy rains in Mexico has risen to 44 after the government confirmed three additional fatalities on Sunday, as civilian and military rescue teams work to clear roads and reach isolated communities.
The states of Hidalgo, Puebla (central) and Veracruz (east) account for the highest number of victims and material damage, according to a statement from the Federal Ministry of Security.
These regions share a large area of the Sierra Madre Oriental, which has been affected by a tropical system from the Gulf of Mexico, bringing intense rainfall since last Thursday amid an already heavy wet season.
The government stated that it is accelerating relief and recovery efforts in the areas affected by the storms.
On Sunday, the clouds began to clear, allowing rescue teams to intensify efforts to reopen numerous mountain roads, which still leave dozens of small communities cut off.
International
Venezuela launches ‘Independence 200’ defense plan amid U.S. naval presence
Venezuela launched on Saturday the defense plan ‘Independence 200’, mobilizing armed civilians, police, and military personnel in the eastern states of Anzoátegui, Monagas, and Bolívar, joining five other regions activated in recent days. The government cited “various threats” from the United States, which maintains a naval presence in the Caribbean Sea near the South American nation.
The Interior Minister, Diosdado Cabello, led the event in Monagas, explaining that the plan aims to prepare the population, police forces, and the National Bolivarian Armed Forces (FANB) to face the threats confronting the country. Cabello emphasized the need to assess strengths and weaknesses rigorously.
“These exercises are not about hiding in a trench and waiting to see what happens, nor expecting the enemy to tire themselves out. No, the enemy will wear down—but through our permanent harassment, denying them rest, driving them to despair, and appearing everywhere by any means,” he said.
The minister also called for active and prolonged resistance and a permanent offensive, warning that the “imperialist enemy has decided to direct all its weapons against the homeland of Simón Bolívar.”
President Nicolás Maduro confirmed via Telegram that the plan is active in Anzoátegui, Monagas, and Bolívar, describing the area as a vital corridor stretching from the Caribbean to the Orinoco River and the southern border with Brazil. He noted that the Integrated Defense Operational Zones (ZODI) will be activated state by state across the country, following the rollout in Carabobo, La Guaira, Aragua, Falcón, and Zulia.
Minister of Defense Vladimir Padrino López stated that the exercises involve 27 tasks, including monitoring U.S. aerial campaigns, ensuring food and hospital reserves, maintaining community radio communications, defending cities and key access points, and patrolling ports.
While the U.S. defends its naval deployment as an operation against alleged Venezuelan drug trafficking, Maduro’s government insists it constitutes a threat aimed at promoting regime change.
International
Peruvian president Jerí leads prison raids to tackle organized crime
Peruvian President José Jerí led a major prison inspection operation on Saturday aimed at fighting extortion and contract killings linked to organized crime, the National Penitentiary Institute (INPE) reported.
Hundreds of inmates were moved from their cells to the yard at the maximum-security Ancón I prison, where President Jerí arrived wearing a white shirt.
“By the president’s order, an extraordinary search has been conducted to combat crime, especially contract killings linked to organized crime,” said INPE chief Iván Paredes to the press.
“President Jerí has been clear: we must fight crime, and on his first day in office, the first thing he did was come here to supervise a prison raid,” Paredes added.
During his inauguration speech, Jerí emphasized that the fight against crime and organized crime is one of the country’s main challenges and called for immediate action.
“The main enemy is outside, on the streets—the criminal gangs, the organized crime groups. They are today our enemies, and as enemies, we must declare war on them,” the president said.
Citizen insecurity led to the removal of former President Dina Boluarte by Congress on Friday.
The operation involved 200 officers and was carried out simultaneously in four prisons, including El Milagro in Trujillo, about 500 km north of Lima, and Challapalca in Tacna, located at 4,600 meters above sea level.
Peru has 68 prisons with an overpopulation of 102,000 inmates, according to INPE.
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