International

China confirms “provisional agreement” with the Philippines to “de-escalate” maritime tensions

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China confirmed on Monday that it reached a “provisional agreement” with the Philippines to “de-escalate” the tensions around an atoll in the South China Sea that both countries claim and where violent ship collisions have occurred in recent months.

According to a spokesman for the Chinese Foreign Ministry, both parties agreed to “jointly manage the differences on maritime issues and work for de-escalation” in this region, after reaching an understanding around the “humanitarian resupply of life supplies” of the Philippine contingent located in the Second Thomas atoll.

The agreement was reached after a meeting held by representatives of both countries on July 2, which led to more consultations and the establishment of a direct line of communication between the Philippine president, Ferdinand Marcos Jr., and his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping.

One of the main points of friction between the two parties is related to the old Philippine ship Sierra Madre, straned with a military garrison in the Second Thomas since 1999 to claim the sovereignty of the atoll.

“We continue to demand that the Philippines tow the ship (Sierra Madre) and restore the state of Ren’ai Jiao (Second Thomas) from not housing personnel or facilities,” the Chinese Foreign Affairs spokesman said in a statement published in the early hours of Monday.

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If the Philippines needs to send life supplies to the ship’s personnel, China is willing to allow it with a “humanitarian spirit,” as long as Manila informs Beijing in advance and after an “on-site verification” has been carried out, according to the official text.

In the event that the Philippines sends “a large amount” of construction materials to the warship, or tries to build fixed facilities or a permanent post, “China will not accept it at all and will resolutely stop it in accordance with the law,” stressed the Chinese Foreign Affairs spokesman.

“China has sovereignty over Ren’ai Jiao and the rest of the Nansha Qundao (Spratly islands), as well as its adjacent waters,” the spokesman said.

The Philippines and China maintain a growing sovereignty dispute in the South China Sea, where in recent months clashes between ships from both countries have multiplied.

In addition to the Second Thomas atoll, Manila and Beijing are disputed for sovereignty over the Scarborough reef, near the Philippine island of Luzon, and several islands of the Spratly archipelago, where Brunei, Malaysia, Vietnam and Taiwan also hold claims.

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Tensions between China and the Philippines have increased since Marcos Jr. came to power in 2022, who has strengthened his military alliance with the United States and expanded access to its bases to US troops, including some of strategic access to the China Sea or the self-governed island of Taiwan.

International

UK braces for potential CO₂ shortage amid Middle East tensions

The government of United Kingdom is preparing contingency measures amid fears of a potential shortage of carbon dioxide (CO₂), which could impact the agri-food industry if the Strait of Hormuz remains blocked due to the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, The Times reported on Thursday.

According to the newspaper, officials assessed this scenario during a recent crisis meeting aimed at evaluating the consequences of a prolonged conflict, triggered on February 28 by joint attacks from United States and Israel against Iran.

Under this scenario, CO₂ supplies—primarily a byproduct of fertilizer production using natural gas—could fall by up to 18%, affecting multiple sectors including agriculture and food production.

The gas is widely used in the slaughter of pigs and poultry, as well as in extending the shelf life of packaged foods. Breweries could also face disruptions due to reduced availability.

“I don’t want to comment on a leak, but now that the information is out there, I hope people feel reassured knowing we are working on it,” said Peter Kyle, Secretary of State for Business and Trade, in remarks to Sky News.

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While a drop in CO₂ supply is not expected to cause major shortages in supermarkets, it could limit product variety, The Times noted, citing access to internal government documents.

To mitigate the impact, authorities are considering prioritizing CO₂ supply for critical sectors such as healthcare and civil nuclear energy, where it is used in cooling systems for blood reserves, organs, vaccines, and electricity generation. The government may also request domestic producers to increase output.

Central America

El Salvador and Paraguay approve 2026–2028 cooperation program

The governments of El Salvador and Paraguay approved the 2026–2028 Cooperation Program, which includes six joint development projects, according to Salvadoran Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Adriana Mira.

Mira stated that El Salvador will act as the “main provider of cooperation,” contributing five initiatives focused on road infrastructure, tourism, and local development. She also noted that one of the projects will be led by the Paraguayan side, although no further details were disclosed.

The agreement was reached during the Second Meeting of the Joint Commission on Technical and Scientific Cooperation between both countries.

According to Paraguay’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the First Meeting of the Political Consultation and Bilateral Coordination Mechanism was also held, with the participation of Vice Minister Víctor Verdún.

In an official statement, the Paraguayan government reported that both delegations agreed to identify mechanisms to promote competitiveness, economic growth, and market access. They also committed to signing agreements related to air transport cooperation.

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International

Macron meets Machado, stresses need for democratic transition in Venezuela

Emmanuel Macron met on Monday at the Élysée Palace with Venezuelan opposition leader María Corina Machado, where they discussed the importance of advancing a democratic transition in Venezuela.

In a message shared on social media, Macron highlighted Machado’s commitment to freedom and stressed the need to achieve a transition that is peaceful and respects the will of the Venezuelan people.

“I received María Corina Machado, Nobel Peace Prize laureate. Together, we discussed her commitment to freedom and the importance of achieving a democratic, peaceful transition in Venezuela that respects the will of its people,” he wrote.

For her part, Machado expressed her “deep gratitude” to Macron and to France for their support of democracy and freedom in Venezuela.

“We have gone through a long and painful journey, and we are now very close to freedom. Venezuela will become a nation of free and equal men and women—prosperous, safe, and united,” she said.